<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514</id><updated>2012-02-25T21:58:49.491-08:00</updated><title type='text'>The Chem Constant CI Chemistry Blog</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>19</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-8551630697871973135</id><published>2012-02-16T20:09:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-16T20:09:43.137-08:00</updated><title type='text'>CI Students Present Research at Biotechnology Conference</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2UDTjAyf5l8/Tz2QSJnNx1I/AAAAAAAAADc/3K3dJYIqbGw/s1600/DSC_0595.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2UDTjAyf5l8/Tz2QSJnNx1I/AAAAAAAAADc/3K3dJYIqbGw/s320/DSC_0595.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;CI students from left to right &lt;br /&gt;Lorenzo DeSantiago, Camille Peredo, Devon Dally, &lt;br /&gt;Eric Needleman (from the CSU), Jason Torres, Susan Ly, Claudina Cammack &lt;br /&gt;Photo compliments of the CI Chemistry Department&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;While some of us may have been feasting on leftover Christmas cookies or savoring our last days of sleeping in before the dawn of a new semester, several CI students including Susan Ly and Lorenzo DeSantiago were busy presenting their research at the &lt;a href="http://www.calstate.edu/csuperb/"&gt;CSU Program for Education and Research in Biotechnology (CSUPERB)&lt;/a&gt; symposium in Santa Clara over winter break. “It’s cool because you get immersed into everything… all the big companies are there,” said DeSantiago. “You have Google, Yahoo and biotechnology companies are everywhere.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Ly and DeSantiago are part of a research team led by &lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/Blake_Gillespie.htm"&gt;Dr. Blake Gillespie&lt;/a&gt;, associate professor of chemistry at CI. The team is dedicated to studying CusF, a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein"&gt;protein&lt;/a&gt; found in E. coli, in hopes to better understand what governs protein stability. “We want to understand the basis of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand"&gt;ligand&lt;/a&gt;-dependent stability,” said Ly. “We are not trying to cure a disease but many diseases arise from protein misfolding.” The team hopes to create a global model for protein stabilization that can be related to other proteins as well as CusF.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bNylMHATDw4/Tz2QZl3359I/AAAAAAAAADk/mMNPY6GHR9I/s1600/DSC_0597.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="212" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bNylMHATDw4/Tz2QZl3359I/AAAAAAAAADk/mMNPY6GHR9I/s320/DSC_0597.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;CI student Lorenzo DeSantiago&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Photo compliments of the CI Chemistry Department&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to allowing undergraduates the opportunity to present their own research, CSUPERB is an excellent place for students to make new connections in their field. “You get to network across different CSUs,” said DeSantiago. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ly explained that her favorite part of the conference was viewing the other student’s research poster presentations. “It is really interesting to find out about what other students are doing,” said Ly. “Also, it is good practice to try to explain your own research in a way that a person outside your field can understand.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both Ly and DeSantiago expressed thanks for the opportunities that have been available to them at CI. “I am incredibly grateful for this research opportunity,” said Ly. “I know if I was at another school I would not be able to do the research I am doing now.” Interested parties will have a chance to check out Ly and DeSantiago’s project among other current research happenings at the &lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/scurccb/index.htm"&gt;2012 Southern California Undergraduate Research Conference in Chemistry and Biochemistry (SCURCCB)&lt;/a&gt; that will take place in April on our very own CI campus. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-8551630697871973135?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/8551630697871973135/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2012/02/ci-students-present-research-at.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/8551630697871973135'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/8551630697871973135'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2012/02/ci-students-present-research-at.html' title='CI Students Present Research at Biotechnology Conference'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2UDTjAyf5l8/Tz2QSJnNx1I/AAAAAAAAADc/3K3dJYIqbGw/s72-c/DSC_0595.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-6900147879779075987</id><published>2012-02-07T16:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-07T16:12:14.438-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Reply Hazy, Try Again</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-laaUp2XTNfU/TzGl4HNd_gI/AAAAAAAAADU/lZ2EeMkx-L0/s1600/Einstein.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-laaUp2XTNfU/TzGl4HNd_gI/AAAAAAAAADU/lZ2EeMkx-L0/s320/Einstein.jpg" width="257" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Albert Einstein&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;In the past decade, suspicions have arisen in the scientific community concerning the uniformity of the constant, alpha, that reflects the strength of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism"&gt;electromagnetism&lt;/a&gt; in regards to how hydrogen gas absorbs ultraviolet light in space. Alpha seemed to differ throughout the universe based on observations made in the last decade with the &lt;a href="http://www.keckobservatory.org/"&gt;Keck Telescope&lt;/a&gt; in Hawaii and again in 2010 with the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_Large_Telescope"&gt;Very Large Telescope&lt;/a&gt; in Chile. If confirmed, this idea would challenge Einstein’s &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principle"&gt;equivalence principal&lt;/a&gt;, that states that the laws of physics are the same in all parts of the universe, and may lead to wacky new ideas like the existence of other universes and additional dimensions. Some scientists thought this idea was a bit too bizarre to deserve much merit. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Recently, in a study done by teams at the &lt;a href="http://ncra.tifr.res.in/"&gt;National Centre for Radio Astrophysics in Pune&lt;/a&gt;, India and the &lt;a href="http://www.nrao.edu/"&gt;National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Socorro&lt;/a&gt;, New Mexico titled &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/1201.3372.pdf"&gt;Constraining Fundamental Constant Evolution with HI and OH Lines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, that was thought to finally settle the debate, researchers detected the hydroxyl molecule’s emission and absorption of radio waves in a gas cloud 6.7 light years away. The hope was that the radio instruments used, which are capable of taking measurements at 50 to 100 times greater accuracy than in previous experiments to detect hydrogen absorption, would provide evidence of a more conclusive nature regarding these claims. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unfortunately, researchers came up empty handed. It was the expectation that the emission and absorption lines observed from the hydroxyl molecule would be mirror images of each other. This was not the case in this experiment, which led researchers to believe there was something spoiling their measurements. One possibility is that a second hydroxyl gas cloud lying on the same plane was responsible for the screwy results. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since gas clouds that carry a hydroxyl signal are hard to come by, possibilities for settling the dispute in the near future are looking grim; however, every gas cloud has a silver lining. Though it may take years, this new promising method may prove useful as new clouds are discovered and examined.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-6900147879779075987?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/6900147879779075987/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2012/02/reply-hazy-try-again.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/6900147879779075987'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/6900147879779075987'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2012/02/reply-hazy-try-again.html' title='Reply Hazy, Try Again'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-laaUp2XTNfU/TzGl4HNd_gI/AAAAAAAAADU/lZ2EeMkx-L0/s72-c/Einstein.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-2475249812728102325</id><published>2011-12-13T23:25:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-13T23:25:49.940-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Life's New Ingredient: Someone's in the Kitchen with Methane</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bAzNCxeM-1w/TuhLsI5d4_I/AAAAAAAAADM/sw9UFs2gakY/s1600/Zircon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="164" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bAzNCxeM-1w/TuhLsI5d4_I/AAAAAAAAADM/sw9UFs2gakY/s200/Zircon.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Zircon Crystal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Early Earth may not have been the methane-rich reducing soup the scientific community previously believed it to be. Researchers at the &lt;a href="http://rpi.edu/"&gt;Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute &lt;/a&gt;uncovered evidence that will force scientists to write a new recipe for the atmospheric conditions of early earth that gave rise to the building blocks of life.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Prior to this study, scientists believed that early Earth consisted of an oxygen deficient atmosphere filled with methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. To date, theories of how life began on earth were concocted from these toxic ingredients.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the paper titled The Oxidation State of Hadean Magmas and Implications for Early Earth’s Atmosphere that was published in the December 1st issue of Nature, researchers reveal that the atmosphere of early Earth may be closer to our current oxygen-rich conditions than previously thought.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The theory that the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outgassing"&gt;outgassing&lt;/a&gt; of magma released by volcanic activity was responsible for forming early Earth’s atmosphere is widely accepted by most scientists. To determine what gasses the magma was supplying researchers at Rensselaer looked at &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zircon"&gt;zircons&lt;/a&gt;, minerals contained in the magma that had crystalized into solid rock on Earth’s surface, to provide a glimpse into the past. Zircons, being that they are not destroyed over time like most other minerals, are commonly looked to for clues regarding the history of Earth. In this experiment, researchers used zircons to provide them with a sneak peak into the oxidation states of atmospheric gases by determining the oxidation state of the magmas that created the zircons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Understanding the conditions that gave rise to life on earth is not only crucial to further our quest for knowledge of our own origin but alters the way we look for potential life on other planets in our universe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-2475249812728102325?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/2475249812728102325/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/12/lifes-new-ingredient-someones-in.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/2475249812728102325'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/2475249812728102325'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/12/lifes-new-ingredient-someones-in.html' title='Life&apos;s New Ingredient: Someone&apos;s in the Kitchen with Methane'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bAzNCxeM-1w/TuhLsI5d4_I/AAAAAAAAADM/sw9UFs2gakY/s72-c/Zircon.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-319334950821355281</id><published>2011-11-20T16:42:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T16:44:16.241-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Quazicrystals – They’re Here, They’re Queer, Get Used to It!</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-a9AW937ajQE/TscstKA2U2I/AAAAAAAAAC8/JTy956KnO2M/s1600/Quasicrystal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="293" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-a9AW937ajQE/TscstKA2U2I/AAAAAAAAAC8/JTy956KnO2M/s320/Quasicrystal.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Atomic Model of a Quazicrystal Surface&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Dr. Dan Shechtman, similar to the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal"&gt;quazicrystals&lt;/a&gt; he discovered, isn’t afraid to be different. Despite years of ridicule and harsh skepticism from his peers, Dr. Shechtman received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2011 for the discovery of quaziperiodic crystals or quazicrystals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quazicrystals, unlike conventional crystals, lack symmetry in their ordered atomic structure. Prior to Shechtman’s discovery, it was widely accepted in the scientific community that repetition in atom packing inside crystals was necessary for their very existence. It wasn’t until the morning of April 8th, 1982 that Shechtman would unearth an image that would prompt him to ask the scientific community to follow him down the quazicrystal rabbit hole.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MhdBYlJ9pfs/TsctI8MUhNI/AAAAAAAAADE/nN600FCMFx4/s1600/DanShechtman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MhdBYlJ9pfs/TsctI8MUhNI/AAAAAAAAADE/nN600FCMFx4/s320/DanShechtman.jpg" width="310" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dan Shechtman Ph.D.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;The seemingly impossible image Shechtman exposed was that of a crystal with an arrangement of atoms that were not in repetition, similar to that of a&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_function"&gt;periodic&lt;/a&gt; mosaics. The discovery triggered oodles of uproar causing Shechtman’s own research team to ask him to ask him to leave the group.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Ultimately the scientific community had to re-evaluate their understanding of solid matter as other scientists obtained quazicrystals in the lab as well as discovered them naturally. Quazicrystals may have applications in diesel engines and frying pans but more importantly for use as a reminder that with an inquiring mind questioning the impossible might win you a Nobel Prize.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-319334950821355281?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/319334950821355281/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/11/quazicrystals-theyre-here-theyre-queer.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/319334950821355281'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/319334950821355281'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/11/quazicrystals-theyre-here-theyre-queer.html' title='Quazicrystals – They’re Here, They’re Queer, Get Used to It!'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-a9AW937ajQE/TscstKA2U2I/AAAAAAAAAC8/JTy956KnO2M/s72-c/Quasicrystal.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-7183837908638036058</id><published>2011-11-07T14:15:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-08T10:15:50.676-08:00</updated><title type='text'>The Science of Fun</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_4TtggPUoRk/TrhTe2FMmQI/AAAAAAAAACc/-YM96pdy1bE/s1600/Yelena_Lacey_and_daughter_Alexie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="136" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_4TtggPUoRk/TrhTe2FMmQI/AAAAAAAAACc/-YM96pdy1bE/s200/Yelena_Lacey_and_daughter_Alexie.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Yelena Lacey and daughter Alexie explore the &lt;br /&gt;peculiar effects of liquid nitrogen&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Over 1000 kids and parents flooded the field at the University Charter Middle School on October 21st for the third annual CI Science Carnival. Eager to learn about science and math in this hands-on Halloween themed event, kids were able to experience the effects of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen"&gt;liquid nitrogen&lt;/a&gt; while enjoying cotton candy and the bending of light while they munched popcorn.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ykYJoEvyZPk/TrhT3AhdmXI/AAAAAAAAACk/Tx4t8Tnw4uU/s1600/Ashley_Reyes_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="136" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ykYJoEvyZPk/TrhT3AhdmXI/AAAAAAAAACk/Tx4t8Tnw4uU/s200/Ashley_Reyes_1.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Ashley Reyes learns about how fossils are made&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;at the “Prints from the Past” demonstration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 13px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;“Events like the Science Carnival show kids that science and math can be fun,” said Dr. Philip Hampton, coordinator of the Carnival for the past three years. He went on to say that&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;“too often kids are told that these subjects are hard and, as a result,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;they can get discouraged from viewing themselves as being able to succeed at them.” I’m happy to report that the kids at the carnival were anything but discouraged.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-J6CzEzdfwtQ/TrhUZvbx1-I/AAAAAAAAACs/IFxJTMrtEYU/s1600/Tori_Hoge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="133" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-J6CzEzdfwtQ/TrhUZvbx1-I/AAAAAAAAACs/IFxJTMrtEYU/s200/Tori_Hoge.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tori Hoge prepares to launch a marshmallow &lt;br /&gt;using a compressed air gun&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Currently, a five-year Department of Education Hispanic Serving Institutions grant funds the Science Carnival. With attendance for the event skyrocketing year after year it is Dr. Hamptons hope that the event will&amp;nbsp;continue&amp;nbsp;to grow and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;eventually become&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;sustainable&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;though building partnerships within the community.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--viZio2iGXQ/TrhXn54d4rI/AAAAAAAAAC0/-TAAG9hYmv8/s1600/Theodore_Parra.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="136" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--viZio2iGXQ/TrhXn54d4rI/AAAAAAAAAC0/-TAAG9hYmv8/s200/Theodore_Parra.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Theodore Parra stares in awe at the splitting of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;light through his diffraction grating glasses&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;While some of the science behind the demonstrations and experiments might be difficult for the kids to understand, Dr. Hampton assures that “by being exposed to these subjects in a fun setting, they can also see that while the subjects might be challenging, they can also be incredibly rewarding.” It doesn’t take a mad scientist to know that’s a lesson worth learning.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-7183837908638036058?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/7183837908638036058/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/11/science-of-fun.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/7183837908638036058'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/7183837908638036058'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/11/science-of-fun.html' title='The Science of Fun'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_4TtggPUoRk/TrhTe2FMmQI/AAAAAAAAACc/-YM96pdy1bE/s72-c/Yelena_Lacey_and_daughter_Alexie.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-7979907946471536383</id><published>2011-10-21T15:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-21T15:59:08.168-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Beating Cancer to the Punch</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; 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color: black;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Ahmed Awad, Ph.D.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;Photo Compliments of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;CI Chemistry Department&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--EndFragment--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Ever wonder what would have happened if Marty McFly didn’t reunite his parents in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future"&gt;Back to the Future&lt;/a&gt;? He wouldn’t exist of course! Dr. Ahmed Awad and 8 students at CI are on the hunt for ways to best cancer before it exists by developing drugs that specialize in inhibiting gene expression without the use of a DeLorean. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some drugs target the protein after it has already formed; however, Awad and his team have a very different approach. “Our target is the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_rna"&gt;messenger RNA&lt;/a&gt;,” Awad explained. The drugs consist of small segments of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acids"&gt;nucleic acids&lt;/a&gt; called &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligonucleotides"&gt;oligonucleotides&lt;/a&gt;, which target the messenger RNA in carcinomic cells. The oligonucleotides react with the RNA by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_and_Crick"&gt;Watson-Crick&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_pair"&gt;base pairing&lt;/a&gt; via two mechanisms. The first mechanism blocks the translation into the protein. The second mechanism activates an enzyme called &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rnase_H"&gt;RNase H&lt;/a&gt;, which degrades the RNA/DNA complex. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Chemical modifications are important to stabilize these drugs,” Awad noted. Reagents must be stabilized against nucleases, enzymes that cause nucleic acids to degrade. Nucleases are capable of degrading injected oligonucleotides within 5 minutes of injection, before the drug can reach its destination. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With any luck the next generation of these gene-inhibiting drugs will succeed in telling cancer to make like a tree, and get outta here.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-7979907946471536383?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/7979907946471536383/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/10/beating-cancer-to-punch.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/7979907946471536383'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/7979907946471536383'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/10/beating-cancer-to-punch.html' title='Beating Cancer to the Punch'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-A8c6wza3YgE/TqGhpqcrx_I/AAAAAAAAACM/CU8EZCEjodk/s72-c/DrAwad.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-6207194740060687710</id><published>2011-10-03T16:27:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-03T16:27:46.495-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Achievement Unlocked</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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&lt;![endif]--&gt;    &lt;!--StartFragment--&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;From battling asteroids to battling &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS"&gt;AIDS&lt;/a&gt;, video games have come a long way. Using an internet based cooperative game called &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://fold.it/"&gt;Fold It&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, online gamers have managed to solve the structure of an &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme"&gt;enzyme&lt;/a&gt; that has baffled scientists for more than ten years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Like HIV, Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) causes AIDS in monkeys and apes. A M-PMV &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrovirus"&gt;retroviral&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease"&gt;protease&lt;/a&gt;, a protein-cutting enzyme, is a key element for the spread of the virus in rhesus monkeys. After numerous attempts with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_replacement"&gt;molecular replacement&lt;/a&gt; techniques and years of frustration, scientists asked for the help from the &lt;i&gt;Fold It &lt;/i&gt;gaming community. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fold it&lt;/i&gt; is designed to utilize the special reasoning skills of warm blooded human beings to find the lowest energy state for a given molecule. It works by assigning points to players as they discover lower energy states for structures within a specified framework that reflects the laws of nature and chemistry. In this case a team of &lt;i&gt;Fold It&lt;/i&gt; players solved the structure in less than 10 days time. According to a paper titled &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/zoran/NSMBfoldit-2011.pdf"&gt;Crystal Structure of a Monomeric Retroviral Protease Solved by Protein Folding Game Players&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; that was published in the September 18th, 2011 edition of &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nature.com/nsmb/index.html"&gt;Nature Structural &amp;amp; Molecular Biology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, the structure discovered was “of sufficient quality for successful molecular replacement and subsequent structure determination.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a former Tetris addict, I am excited at the prospect that the worlds of video games and science are becoming complimentary. As long as there are tasks and puzzles that human brains can tackle and computer processors cannot there will be a place for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_science"&gt;citizen science&lt;/a&gt;. Who knew that solving proteins could be as fun as saving Princess Peach?&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;!--EndFragment--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-6207194740060687710?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/6207194740060687710/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/10/achievement-unlocked.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/6207194740060687710'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/6207194740060687710'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/10/achievement-unlocked.html' title='Achievement Unlocked'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SfqiWFJ98-M/TopCYlMxXzI/AAAAAAAAACI/UFS5BcoAsJU/s72-c/MPMV_retroviral_protease.jpeg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-3067959731290491051</id><published>2011-09-12T16:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:45:06.654-07:00</updated><title type='text'>How to Look “Smart” in Camo</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iwITF-YpJZA/Tm6Qd5nj2wI/AAAAAAAAAB8/489rjCB2B7s/s1600/USSoldiers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="196" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iwITF-YpJZA/Tm6Qd5nj2wI/AAAAAAAAAB8/489rjCB2B7s/s400/USSoldiers.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;US soldiers &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black;"&gt;conduct an exercise of cold weather exposure training&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 15.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Through wind, rain, sleet, snow, sweltering deserts &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;and tropical humidity soldiers must be fashion chameleons when deciding what to wear in these sometimes-unpredictable conditions. In the present, soldiers meet these challenges by wearing layered clothing and subtracting layers as the temperature allows. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 15.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Though effective against the vast variety of conditions soldiers face this method poses a problem. Layered clothing is heavy and difficult to carry with limited space. Additionally, when soldiers move though different altitudes in mountainous regions the amount of thermal insulation needed can vary greatly. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frostbite"&gt;Frostbite&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothermia"&gt;hypothermia&lt;/a&gt; may be the result of improper insulation though such conditions. On the other hand if there is too much insulation present the result could be unnecessary sweating, dehydration or even &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heatstroke"&gt;heatstroke&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 15.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;The United States Army is now on the hunt for a better way to combat Mother Nature. In a paper titled &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://armyscienceconference.com/manuscripts/G/GP-016.pdf"&gt;Temperature Adaptive “Smart” Thermal Insulation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; published by the &lt;a href="http://www.army.mil/info/organization/unitsandcommands/commandstructure/rdecom/"&gt;U. S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command&lt;/a&gt;, a environmentally responsive “smart” material is introduced that can self-adapt to the appropriate thermal balance. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 15.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;The concept behind the “smart” material is the same as a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimetallic_strip"&gt;bimetallic thermostat&lt;/a&gt;. The idea is to utilize a bimetallic spring inside fibers. The fibers have two bonded metals that have different coefficients of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion"&gt;thermal expansion&lt;/a&gt;. With changes in temperature one of the metals changes in length more than the other which bends the spring in the fiber in a way that results in a curl. When applied on a grand scale, materials made from these fibers would thicken in colder temperatures thus providing more insulation. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 15.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;If this technology is further developed it may have a variety of commercial applications. Perhaps hikers, mountain climbers and emergency response team members alike will soon be lining up for this miracle garb.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-3067959731290491051?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/3067959731290491051/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/09/how-to-look-smart-in-camo.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/3067959731290491051'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/3067959731290491051'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/09/how-to-look-smart-in-camo.html' title='How to Look “Smart” in Camo'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iwITF-YpJZA/Tm6Qd5nj2wI/AAAAAAAAAB8/489rjCB2B7s/s72-c/USSoldiers.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-3889675873331951381</id><published>2011-05-11T09:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:44:55.266-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Flawed Diamonds are a Quantum Computer's Best Friend</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qNlupjhHCgI/TcovX5owsmI/AAAAAAAAAB0/AalInIuYGaU/s1600/Flawed_Diamond.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="280" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qNlupjhHCgI/TcovX5owsmI/AAAAAAAAAB0/AalInIuYGaU/s320/Flawed_Diamond.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Though they may not cut the mustard for a marriage proposal, flawed diamonds are ideal for maintaining &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_state"&gt;quantum states&lt;/a&gt;.  For the past few years scientists have found ways to influence and manipulate atoms near &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen-vacancy_center"&gt;nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers&lt;/a&gt; in flawed diamonds. These capabilities may someday make complex quantum computers or even a quantum internet a reality.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;So what exactly is quantum computing and how are quantum computers different than the run of the mill computers we already have? In a nutshell the difference lies in something called a quantum bit, or a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit"&gt;qubit&lt;/a&gt;. A qubit is capable of maintaining a superposition of two states whereas classical bits are one state or the other, otherwise known as little ones and zeros.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;The key to understanding these processes lies in understanding the function of the NV center, one of the most common defects in diamond. As everyone knows a perfect diamond is made entirely of carbon; however, if nitrogen is introduced during formation it can become included as a defect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X5OQHkpwwnU/Tcovg3mq_WI/AAAAAAAAAB4/lkof5tUlqvs/s1600/NVCenter.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="298" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X5OQHkpwwnU/Tcovg3mq_WI/AAAAAAAAAB4/lkof5tUlqvs/s320/NVCenter.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Model of a Nitrogen Vacancy Center&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Carbon alone would attach itself to 4 other carbon atoms; nitrogen however, bonds to only 3 carbon atoms creating the vacancy in the lattice structure where the 4th carbon atom would normally reside. This formation provides an electron free to move around the vacant space and around the neighboring atoms. The electron can then be coupled to the nuclear states of the surrounding carbon atoms and for the purpose of quantum computing they become &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement"&gt;entangled&lt;/a&gt; qubits.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;The problem with using the vacancy as a means for quantum computation is that it’s impractical to implant single nitrogen atoms one by one through a thin layer of diamond when you’d need several thousands in a single layer.  In a study titled &lt;i&gt;Chip-Scale Nanofabrication of Single Spins and Spin Arrays in Diamond&lt;/i&gt;, published in the July 23rd issue of &lt;i&gt;Nano Letters&lt;/i&gt;, researchers described a method for mass-producing these NV centers, which may be fundamental in creating quantum networks.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;In the process researchers employed a thin layer of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resist"&gt;resist&lt;/a&gt; to cover the diamond. Through the resist they blast away using &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_beam_lithography"&gt;electron beam lithography&lt;/a&gt;. Next they shower the resist with nitrogen ions that end up going through the holes that were created in the top film layer. Once the nitrogen ions pass through the holes in the resist they embed themselves in the actual diamond creating the desired vacancies. Since the researchers were able to control the array of holes, they were able to control the array of vacancies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Thanks to these advancements it may now be possible to create vast networks of qubits, which someday may be lead to scalable quantum computers capable of complex problem solving. The next step to move forward in the quantum-computing race is for scientists to develop qubits that are able to hold their states for longer. This would provide processors with the means to run complex algorithms and perform practical problem solving. While diamonds are forever, unfortunately quantum states are not. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-3889675873331951381?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/3889675873331951381/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/05/flawed-diamonds-are-quantum-computers.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/3889675873331951381'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/3889675873331951381'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/05/flawed-diamonds-are-quantum-computers.html' title='Flawed Diamonds are a Quantum Computer&apos;s Best Friend'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qNlupjhHCgI/TcovX5owsmI/AAAAAAAAAB0/AalInIuYGaU/s72-c/Flawed_Diamond.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-5877664579799833118</id><published>2011-05-07T01:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:44:42.285-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Recipe Fit for a Queen</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q3RwoBXvUA4/TcUAXLQ9OuI/AAAAAAAAABw/3K2PtOrKAEc/s1600/QueenBee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q3RwoBXvUA4/TcUAXLQ9OuI/AAAAAAAAABw/3K2PtOrKAEc/s320/QueenBee.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Honeybees and Queen in Honeycomb&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;All female honeybees are created equal, until they’re 72 hours old that is. While still in the larvae state, the female honeybee (&lt;i&gt;Apis melifera&lt;/i&gt;) has an uncertain fate. Though it is highly likely that she will become a worker bee, there is a slight chance that she will be destined for royalty. There are two female castes amongst honeybees: the worker (a sterile female), and the queen (a fertile female).  It is impossible to differentiate genetically between worker bees and queen bees. So what makes a queen, a queen?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Royal jelly, a substance secreted from the heads of worker bees, is fed to all bee larvae up to 72 hours. At that time larvae meant to be workers are switched to a diet of honey and pollen whilst the larvae fated for queendom continue on a strict royal jelly diet. It has been known for some time that royal jelly is the cause of the transformation from a normal female honeybee in the larvae state into a queen bee with increased size, reduced developmental time and enhanced ovary development; however, the specific mechanism has remained unknown.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;In a paper published by Japanese researchers in the April edition of Nature, evidence was presented that suggests Royalactin, a 57-kDa protein found in royal jelly, to be the cause of the queen bee’s superior development. Royalactin not only enhanced growth in the female honeybee but in fruit flies (&lt;i&gt;Drosophila melanogaster&lt;/i&gt;) as well. Mechanistically the protein was found to promote queen development via an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediated signaling pathway by activating and increasing the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase, which was found responsible for promoting many queen like qualities. In the study researchers found the knocking down of EGFR expression in the bees and the fruit flies stifled the queen like superior development, showing that EGFR facilitates these processes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;For years the royal jelly effect has fascinated humans. Though there hasn’t been much conclusive evidence regarding it's benefits for human application or consumption, royal jelly has found it’s place in several herbal remedies and beauty products. Perhaps royalactin will be the next big thing at health spas and beauty salons where human workers will be the ones providing the royal treatment. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-5877664579799833118?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/5877664579799833118/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/05/recipe-fit-for-queen.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/5877664579799833118'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/5877664579799833118'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/05/recipe-fit-for-queen.html' title='Recipe Fit for a Queen'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q3RwoBXvUA4/TcUAXLQ9OuI/AAAAAAAAABw/3K2PtOrKAEc/s72-c/QueenBee.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-6574770487573622063</id><published>2011-04-19T18:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:44:27.594-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Where in the World is Simone Aloisio?</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IttVK3O2t4w/Tax1tHAisfI/AAAAAAAAABE/ETzDav8kdso/s1600/PowerPlant.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="225" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IttVK3O2t4w/Tax1tHAisfI/AAAAAAAAABE/ETzDav8kdso/s320/PowerPlant.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Power Plants on the Japanese island of Shikoku&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Photo compliments of Dr. Simone Aloisio&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;While some might choose to take a Caribbean Cruise or ski the Alps if granted a sabbatical, you can’t say the same for Dr. Simone Aloisio, associate professor in the Chemistry department at CI. Aloisio has been hard at work this semester performing data analysis for a research project being done on the Japanese island of Shikoku aimed to develop a new cheap, effective way of measuring column carbon dioxide (CO&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Dr. Aloisio and his colleagues Prof. Gen Inoue and Prof. Masahiro Kawasaki are hoping to determine the CO&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;emissions from two power plants (no, not Fukushima) using an instrument meant to measure&amp;nbsp;CO&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;emissions from a specific point source. “The reason for doing this particular project,” Aloisio stated,  “is to be able to measure the amount of&amp;nbsp;CO&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;emitted directly from a regional source, such as a power plant or a fire.” In the past this task has been a difficult feat for scientists to achieve. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;The newly developed instrument used in the project measures overhead atmospheric carbon dioxide. Aloisio explained “the instrument collects infrared light from the sun in a region of the spectrum where&amp;nbsp;CO&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;absorbs light.” A distinctive feature of this particular machine Aloisio stated in his progress report, “is how the absorbing and non-absorbing wavelengths are obtained.” He said the “instrument uses a series of filters including an &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabry%E2%80%93P%C3%A9rot_interferometer"&gt;etalon&lt;/a&gt; filter to restrict the wavelengths of light detected.” The concentration of&amp;nbsp;CO&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;is determined by fitting the transmittance to a simulated spectrum. Aloisio’s contribution to the experiment involved adjusting the simulation routines to reflect only&amp;nbsp;CO&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;emissions and eliminate interference from water in the atmosphere.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;CO&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;, one of the primary &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas"&gt;greenhouse gases&lt;/a&gt;, is the main cause of global warming on our planet. Human actions such as the burning of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel"&gt;fossil fuels&lt;/a&gt; are considerably increasing the&amp;nbsp;CO&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;concentration in the atmosphere. When Aloisio returns to the United States on April 25th he and his colleagues will have taken us one step closer to understanding the climate change that the planet earth is currently undergoing and what we can do to stop it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-6574770487573622063?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/6574770487573622063/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/04/where-in-world-is-simone-aloisio.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/6574770487573622063'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/6574770487573622063'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/04/where-in-world-is-simone-aloisio.html' title='Where in the World is Simone Aloisio?'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IttVK3O2t4w/Tax1tHAisfI/AAAAAAAAABE/ETzDav8kdso/s72-c/PowerPlant.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-4989256318757407088</id><published>2011-04-15T11:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:44:07.071-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Where it Stops Nobody Knows</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GNxWUIUHgo4/TaiPCLxhdoI/AAAAAAAAABA/dRTtGgJva9o/s1600/Rally.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="177" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GNxWUIUHgo4/TaiPCLxhdoI/AAAAAAAAABA/dRTtGgJva9o/s320/Rally.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Tempers flared and energy ran high at the &lt;i&gt;Defend Public Higher Education Rally &lt;/i&gt;Wednesday as several students, techs and teachers met in the south quad to express their concerns regarding the budget cuts.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;News hit the street last weekend that layoff notices were doled out to all lab techs in 12-month positions in the Chemistry, Biology, Physics and Art departments at CI. In the press release the word “anticipated” is used to describe the future availability of 11-month positions, hardly a comfort for those whose jobs are at stake. Dr. Blake Gillespie, chair of the Chemistry department at CSUCI, calls the future “a bit hazy,” expressing that it was “not at all clear” to him what the rehire process would be. The rehire process isn’t the only thing that lacks clarity. Layoff notices have been described as vague, not unlike the wording in the letter to students and faculty and &lt;a href="http://www.csuci.edu/news/releases/2011_ciannouncesbudgetcuts.htm"&gt;press release&lt;/a&gt;, which only devotes two sentences to addressing the issue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;I understand that the money has to come from somewhere given the financial pickle the Cal State system has found itself in, but why the ambiguity? Not only is it uncertain that every position will be filled again, but also whether or not returning techs will take a pay-cut or have to compete for the jobs they once held. Don’t the techs that just received layoff notices deserve some clarity in exchange for their services rendered?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-4989256318757407088?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/4989256318757407088/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/04/where-it-stops-nobody-knows.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/4989256318757407088'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/4989256318757407088'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/04/where-it-stops-nobody-knows.html' title='Where it Stops Nobody Knows'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GNxWUIUHgo4/TaiPCLxhdoI/AAAAAAAAABA/dRTtGgJva9o/s72-c/Rally.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-3020168534146491287</id><published>2011-04-03T10:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:43:46.545-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Avian Magnetoreception Mechanism Trumps Designer Molecule in the Game of Entanglement</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-H6HiIRAhKZA/TZTH8sftOFI/AAAAAAAAAA8/DxuDjyRqUKA/s1600/EuropeanRobin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-H6HiIRAhKZA/TZTH8sftOFI/AAAAAAAAAA8/DxuDjyRqUKA/s320/EuropeanRobin.jpg" width="198" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;European Robin&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Have you ever wondered why birds fly south for the winter year after year without ever asking for directions? Migratory birds use a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoception"&gt;magnetoreception&lt;/a&gt; toolset to find their destinations. For decades scientists have been trying to pin down the exact physical foundation for the avian magnetic sense. Evidence suggests that birds may be flying in the correct direction according to the earth’s magnetic field through use of a &lt;a href="http://www.chemistry-dictionary.com/definition/radical+pair+mechanism+(rpm).php"&gt;radical pair mechanism&lt;/a&gt; that utilizes &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement"&gt;quantum entanglement&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Two quantum particles that are created together are entangled. When two quantum particles are entangled the polarization will be connected no matter how far apart they are. Another way to say it would be that the particles are different parts of the same entity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;In the back of a birds eye there are several molecules that contribute to magnetoreception. The bird is able to detect signals from these molecules to determine the orientation of the magnetic field. Each molecule contains a radical-pair of electrons photo-excited to a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet_state"&gt;singlet state&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt; (entangled) and a nuclear spin that couples to one of the electrons. One of the electrons moves a very small distance, just a few nanometers away where it senses a slightly different magnetic field than it’s companion electron. Chemical reactions are then produced depending on how the field changes the spin of the electron. In theory, these chemical reactions could generate a picture of varying light and dark patterns depicting the earth’s magnetic field to the bird.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;In a &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/0906.3725v5"&gt;study&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;that was published in Physical Review Letters&amp;nbsp;in February of this year,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;researchers&amp;nbsp;at Oxford University and Singapore University specifically examined&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;the durations of quantum entanglement in the compass systems of the European Robin. This information is significant because of the super sensitive nature of entanglement.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-right: 1em; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qK423ZrQqoc/TZFCrVpU8KI/AAAAAAAAAA4/MOLaABziIew/s1600/NatC60.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qK423ZrQqoc/TZFCrVpU8KI/AAAAAAAAAA4/MOLaABziIew/s320/NatC60.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="padding-top: 4px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;N@C60 (a Fullerene molecule)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;States of entanglement are extremely&amp;nbsp;sensitive&amp;nbsp;and difficult to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;preserve&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;artificially. Fullerene&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;is a designer molecule&amp;nbsp;designed by&amp;nbsp;humans to hold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt; entanglement.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"&gt;Schematic drawing of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style="line-height: 15px;"&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"&gt;@&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"&gt;C60&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"&gt;Courtesy&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Simon Benjamin of Oxford University&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;The study found that the collapsing of the singlet quantum state doesn’t take place for 100 microseconds or more. This is significantly longer than any manmade system that’s ever been developed. Even N@C60, a manmade designer molecule, only holds entanglement for up to 80 microseconds. In artificial systems, quantum superposition and entanglement typically decay unless cryogenic temperatures are used. In the case of this &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene"&gt;Fullerene&lt;/a&gt; molecule, the cage of carbon atoms provides shielding from penetrating information from the outside world. If we can some day understand the conditions necessary to prevent this rapid decay it may have applications in cryptographic ranging, clock synchronization, quantum computing or even a quantum internet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;It's marvelous that nature could promote these quantum mechanisms through evolution that are so complex as to provide birds and other plants and animals with another sense altogether by utilizing a piece of natural organic machinery that human beings struggle to even grasp the concept of. With our best minds at work trying to replicate what nature has done entirely by accident via natural selection, our progress as depends on our ability to think outside the box and reprogram our brains to comprehend things not entirely in our comfort zone or our nature given genetic material.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-3020168534146491287?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/3020168534146491287/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/04/avian-magnetoreception-mechanism-trumps.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/3020168534146491287'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/3020168534146491287'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/04/avian-magnetoreception-mechanism-trumps.html' title='Avian Magnetoreception Mechanism Trumps Designer Molecule in the Game of Entanglement'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-H6HiIRAhKZA/TZTH8sftOFI/AAAAAAAAAA8/DxuDjyRqUKA/s72-c/EuropeanRobin.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-7829451902778594651</id><published>2011-03-28T09:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:43:33.190-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Out with the Old, in with the New</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dwdKvtstrlA/TZCzfef5pxI/AAAAAAAAAAw/oOqu-ljkg8w/s1600/Samantha_Guhan.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dwdKvtstrlA/TZCzfef5pxI/AAAAAAAAAAw/oOqu-ljkg8w/s320/Samantha_Guhan.JPG" width="256" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;Photo by Dr. Philip Hampton&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Samantha Guhan seals a test tube filled with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;plant material and dry ice.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;The dry ice will&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;melt upon heating to produce a liquid CO2,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;which extracts the plant oils.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Bad habits can be hard to shake, especially in the lab. In a research project led by Dr. Philip Hampton, professor of Chemistry at CSU Channel Islands, efforts are underway to revolutionize the way we do experiments by minimizing waste and the use of toxic substances. Hampton admitted that it’s common practice to “run a lot of experiments that generate significant quantities of waste and use pretty nasty reagents,” through use of antique methods often dating back to the early 1900s.  The goal here Hampton said is to “develop a paradigm shift in how we think about running reactions,” while still retaining the “same experience in the laboratory for the students.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Samantha Guhan (pictured above) is working with Hampton to develop a liquid CO2 &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraction"&gt;extraction&lt;/a&gt; experiment aimed to retire a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_distillation"&gt;steam distillation&lt;/a&gt; method. “The steam distillation of plant material generates both organic and aqueous waste,” said Hampton. “In contrast, the liquid CO2 experiment uses only dry ice and the isolated plant oil can be dissolved in only 2 mL of organic solvent.” Other green chemistry projects underway in Hampton’s lab include replacing acid catalysts with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion-exchange_resin"&gt;polymeric resins&lt;/a&gt; to reduce chemical waste, the development of a new aqueous &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittig_reaction"&gt;Wittig reaction&lt;/a&gt; that would generate fewer side products and continuous processing reactions that Hampton said can result in “very small quantities of material being made at any given moment.” In general the promotion of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscale_chemistry"&gt;microscale chemistry&lt;/a&gt;, or small-scale chemistry, has significantly contributed to the development of greener experiments. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Though the advantages to using such techniques are clearly significant, there have been criticisms. One concern is that the skills students will acquire while working with microscale kits won’t be easily translatable to a job in the industry. Hampton reassured that this drawback is easily remedied through the employment of a few specially selected macroscale experiments where students can gain experience “making larger quantities of something, doing a typical &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation"&gt;distillation&lt;/a&gt; or doing a typical &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separatory_funnel"&gt;separatory funnel&lt;/a&gt; extraction.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to reducing waste, Hampton’s campaign for change also promotes a safer world. He mentioned that with the chemical company fires in Japan and other environmental issues taking place on a global scale this is a “prime time for us to be thinking about how we can do things safer.” &lt;a href="mailto:philip.hampton@csuci.edu"&gt;Contact&lt;/a&gt; Dr. Hampton in the Chemistry Department if you are interested in joining the team to develop ways to swap out our old-fashioned approaches with new green chemistry techniques. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-7829451902778594651?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/7829451902778594651/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/03/out-with-old-in-with-new.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/7829451902778594651'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/7829451902778594651'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/03/out-with-old-in-with-new.html' title='Out with the Old, in with the New'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dwdKvtstrlA/TZCzfef5pxI/AAAAAAAAAAw/oOqu-ljkg8w/s72-c/Samantha_Guhan.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-8851522787777196205</id><published>2011-03-12T20:04:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:43:12.461-07:00</updated><title type='text'>The Xenon Has Left the Building... Or Has It?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-H7DC9YpO7Ik/TXw4kr4K46I/AAAAAAAAAAs/NeryyLAnm1I/s1600/XeO2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="252" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-H7DC9YpO7Ik/TXw4kr4K46I/AAAAAAAAAAs/NeryyLAnm1I/s320/XeO2.gif" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;The disappearance of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenon"&gt;Xenon&lt;/a&gt;, thought to be present in abundance on early earth, has baffled scientists for decades. Now new evidence backs up a theory that Xenon has displaced the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon"&gt;silicon&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz"&gt;quartz (SiO2)&lt;/a&gt; and has been literally under our noses in the earths crust. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the 1970s scientists noticed a mysterious lack of Xenon in the earths atmosphere and mantle. Estimates suggested that upwards of 90% of the Xenon thought to be on early earth had vanished seemingly without a trace. Some speculated that the Xenon escaped into space or was frozen into ice caps; however, the plentiful presence of all of the other noble gases threw a wrench in many of these early theories. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Though Xenon is a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas"&gt;noble gas&lt;/a&gt;, typically inert by nature, it is the most reactive of all the noble gases. In 2005 it was proposed that under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions it would be possible for Xenon to displace Silicon in SiO2. While the theory explained the lack of Xenon in the earth’s atmosphere and mantle, a new mystery arose: Prior to now XeO3 and XeO4 were the only known Xenon Oxides; where was the Xenon Dioxide (XeO2)? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A team of Canadian researchers provided &lt;a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja110618g"&gt;this missing link&lt;/a&gt; to the Silicon displacement theory with results from the first ever synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of XeO2 published in the 22nd of February issue of the &lt;i&gt;Journal of the American Chemical Society&lt;/i&gt;. The researchers found XeO2 to have an extended network in which xenon is linked to four neighboring oxygen atoms in a XeO4 square-planar geometry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since scientists are being made to chuck their previous assumption that noble gases are always going to behave in an inert fashion, these findings may change the way geochemists do business altogether.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-8851522787777196205?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/8851522787777196205/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/03/xenon-has-left-building-or-has-it.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/8851522787777196205'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/8851522787777196205'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/03/xenon-has-left-building-or-has-it.html' title='The Xenon Has Left the Building... Or Has It?'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-H7DC9YpO7Ik/TXw4kr4K46I/AAAAAAAAAAs/NeryyLAnm1I/s72-c/XeO2.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-1170769295456695940</id><published>2011-03-03T18:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:41:42.329-07:00</updated><title type='text'>The Right Stuff</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-WdMevcSlxF0/TW7mZDL9gNI/AAAAAAAAAAo/5mVSMdzKKyU/s1600/ABonneau.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-WdMevcSlxF0/TW7mZDL9gNI/AAAAAAAAAAo/5mVSMdzKKyU/s320/ABonneau.jpg" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Photo by Daniel Bonneau&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Ashley Bonneau, a senior at CI and president of the &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/people/Csuci-Free-Radicals/579576540"&gt;Free Radicals Chemistry Club&lt;/a&gt;, awaited my interrogation as she sipped her coffee outside the raucous student union last Wednesday. Little would you know that the mind of a science rockstar resided in the body of this humble soft-spoken girl. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bonneau just had her final graduate school interview at &lt;a href="http://www.princeton.edu/gradschool/"&gt;Princeton Universit&lt;/a&gt;y last weekend. She described the interview process as nothing short of nerve-racking. “I wasn’t sure what to expect,” Bonneau admitted, “whether or not I needed to break out my biochemistry textbook and brush up on the basics.” In the end it must have gone well since she has already been accepted into 3 programs she applied for including Molecular and Cell Biology, and Genetic and Developmental&amp;nbsp;programs at &lt;a href="http://www.yale.edu/graduateschool/"&gt;Yale University&lt;/a&gt;. “Going into the application process, Yale was my number one choice,” Bonneau beamed, “so it was very gratifying to be accepted.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even though Bonneau and research seem like a perfect fit, the young scientist confessed that she “came into research trying to fulfill checkmarks for a medical school application.” Bonneau says she fell in love with the “excitement of the discovery.” Now a veteran researcher, Bonneau has two years of research experience working with &lt;a href="http://www.csuci.edu/academics/faculty/bios/parmar1.htm"&gt;Dr. Nitika Parmar&lt;/a&gt; utilizing RNA interference and a paper in review. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Always a scientist even while cooking, a scale takes the place of measuring cups and a good cooks common sense in her kitchen. “I can’t cook,” she disclosed, “I need exact measurements to the tenth preferably.” I suppose even science superheros have their kryptonite. Ashley Bonneau is a jack-of-all-trades and soon to be master of many; just don't ask her to bake you a casserole unless there is an analytical balance handy. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-1170769295456695940?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/1170769295456695940/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/03/right-stuff.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/1170769295456695940'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/1170769295456695940'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/03/right-stuff.html' title='The Right Stuff'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-WdMevcSlxF0/TW7mZDL9gNI/AAAAAAAAAAo/5mVSMdzKKyU/s72-c/ABonneau.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-1386761651216953806</id><published>2011-02-17T12:46:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:43:00.369-07:00</updated><title type='text'>It was the Chromium (III) in the Conservatory with the Candlestick!</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t0-oIt94VDA/TVzbdHOxlQI/AAAAAAAAAAk/jbP-Pjb9KTU/s1600/Sunflowers.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t0-oIt94VDA/TVzbdHOxlQI/AAAAAAAAAAk/jbP-Pjb9KTU/s320/Sunflowers.jpeg" width="253" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Sunflowers, 1888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;The case of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh"&gt;Van Gogh&lt;/a&gt;’s browning sunflowers has been solved and a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox"&gt;reduction reaction &lt;/a&gt;is being branded as the culprit! Through sharp detective work by a team at &lt;a href="http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=.ENGLISH"&gt;Antwerp University&lt;/a&gt; in Belgium it was deduced that a reduction of Chromium (IV) to Chromium (III) is responsible for color changes in several of the artist’s most famous works.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrome_yellow"&gt; Chrome yellow paint&lt;/a&gt;, a toxic substance thought by many to be the cause of the madness that ultimately drove Vincent Van Gogh to cut off his own ear, was the yellow paint of choice for many artists in the late 19th century. Though it has been known for some time that this color pigment darkens upon UV and sunlight exposure, scientists were puzzled at the fact that not all paintings containing the chrome yellow pigment were affected. Few additional clues were known as to the underlying cause of this phenomenon until the Antwerp team published the results of their study in the 15th of February 2011 issue of &lt;i&gt;Analytical Chemistry&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By means of state-of-the-art x-ray analysis the Antwerp team identified the reduction reaction in a sample of chrome yellow that had been artificially aged using UV light. The microscopic x-ray beam not only revealed a nanometer thin coating of Chromium (III) on the pigment, but also suggested that the compound was especially conspicuous in samples that contained Barium and Sulfur.  This newfound evidence indicated that white paint was responsible for accelerating the browning process when mixed with the chrome yellow pigment that Van Gogh was so fond of. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is the hope of the Antwerp team that cracking this historic whodunit case will assist in the effort to return the degraded paintings back to their original state. Sherlock Holmes would surely be pea-green with envy over the bottomless bag of technological tricks available to modern day scientists.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-1386761651216953806?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/1386761651216953806/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/02/it-was-chromium-iii-in-conservatory.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/1386761651216953806'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/1386761651216953806'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/02/it-was-chromium-iii-in-conservatory.html' title='It was the Chromium (III) in the Conservatory with the Candlestick!'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t0-oIt94VDA/TVzbdHOxlQI/AAAAAAAAAAk/jbP-Pjb9KTU/s72-c/Sunflowers.jpeg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-7126770276041663129</id><published>2011-02-14T07:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:42:46.949-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Beautiful Beasts</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PzigYpad3gM/TVbpIx_iWTI/AAAAAAAAAAc/cINsdXL_raM/s1600/brass+knuckles.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PzigYpad3gM/TVbpIx_iWTI/AAAAAAAAAAc/cINsdXL_raM/s320/brass+knuckles.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;The return to temperate waters places the whales back in the range of their key predator, the Orca. However, adults are well-equipped; the barnacles that line the edges of fins and flukes increase swimming efficiency and also serve as brass knuckles, enhancing their ability to defend themselves, should Orcas attempt to attack.&lt;br /&gt;Caption by Dr. Rachel Cartwright&lt;br /&gt;Photo by John and Dan Cesere&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.c3submerged.com/"&gt;C3 Submerged Photography&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Hordes of magnificent creatures have taken over the art gallery at Napa Hall! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.csuci.edu/news/releases/2011_humpbackwhalesexhibit.htm"&gt;Caring for Calves: The Art and Science of Understanding Hawaii’s Humpback Whales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt; photography exhibit was unveiled on January 27th featuring breathtaking images of Hawaii’s gentle giants of the sea. The exhibit is just one piece of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.caringforcalves.org/"&gt;Keiki Kohola Project&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt; pie, a venture that principal investigator and founder Dr. Rachel Cartwright said is meant to bring “science out of the university and into the real setting.”&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Though the images are awe-inspiring, co-investigator on the project Dr. Blake Gillespie stipulated that, “along with that spoonful of sugar there is some medicine.” Gillespie further explained that the true significance of the project lies not only in the spectacular imagery but also in “the biology of the animals,” and “the management issues that we face as stewards of that population of endangered humpbacks.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Keiki Kohola Project is aimed to provide information on the living requirements of mother-calf pairs within nursery waters in the channel between the islands of Maui and Lanai. Cartwright said she expects this exhibit to help “draw from a larger audience,” and “foster an awareness of the issues that face animals in regions like that.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Students from a variety of disciplines, including Chemistry, have the opportunity to join the team on an annual Spring break research trip to the islands. Gillespie expressed his hopes to “generate really well rounded scientists . . . that are comfortable in a variety of research environments.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibit will remain in Napa Hall until February 25th; if you haven’t seen it yet, there’s still time! The photos are sincerely incredible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://chemistry.csuci.edu/"&gt;Back to CI Chemistry Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8053749799740066514-7126770276041663129?l=csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/feeds/7126770276041663129/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/02/beautiful-beasts.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/7126770276041663129'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8053749799740066514/posts/default/7126770276041663129'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://csucichemistryblog.blogspot.com/2011/02/beautiful-beasts.html' title='Beautiful Beasts'/><author><name>Shelby Maloney</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08796537463624621150</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PzigYpad3gM/TVbpIx_iWTI/AAAAAAAAAAc/cINsdXL_raM/s72-c/brass+knuckles.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053749799740066514.post-8187791216174947977</id><published>2011-02-11T08:18:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T22:42:21.333-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Happy Birthday to The Chem Constant Chemistry Blog and Josiah Willard Gibbs</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BiE5RpBD4Rc/TVUOmaglJDI/AAAAAAAAAAU/3mvszp_fC8o/s1600/GibbsPic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BiE5RpBD4Rc/TVUOmaglJDI/AAAAAAAAAAU/3mvszp_fC8o/s320/GibbsPic.jpg" width="293" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;“One of the principal objects of theoretical research in my department of knowledge is to find the point of view from which the subject appears in its greatest simplicity.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;-Josiah Willard Gibbs&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt; I am pleased to introduce &lt;i&gt;The Chem Constant&lt;/i&gt; Chemistry Blog, the newest addition to our chemistry department here at &lt;a href="http://www.csuci.edu/"&gt;California State University Channel Islands (CI)&lt;/a&gt;. Since this is my first post I will begin by introducing myself. My name is Shelby and I’m a junior level Chemistry student at CI. It is my hope to provide insight into the goings-on in the department as well as an original viewpoint on developments relevant to the field of chemistry outside of the campus walls.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The date of launch for &lt;i&gt;The Chem Constant&lt;/i&gt; Chemistry Blog was strategically chosen so that it will forever share a birthday with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs"&gt;Josiah Willard Gibbs&lt;/a&gt;. Born 172 years ago today, on the 11th of February in 1839, the world-renowned American theoretical chemist, physicist and mathematician served the scientific community with a wealth of significant contributions till his death on the 28th of April in 1903.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Celebrated by many as having one of the greatest science minds of all time, Gibbs is well known as the father of chemical thermodynamics. In his paper &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Equilibrium_of_Heterogeneous_Substances"&gt;On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; he provided much of the theoretical groundwork for the foundation of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_chemistry"&gt;Physical Chemistry&lt;/a&gt;, defined as the study of macroscopic, microscopic, atomic, subatomic and particulate phenomena in chemical systems. In the chemistry department at CSUCI however, he may be better known for making undergraduate chemistry students (including yours truly) tremble in terror at the thought of taking Physical Chemistry, a required core course in the major. But perhaps that’s just looking a gift horse in the mouth. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inspired by this man, I aim to heed his advice and “find the point of view from which the subject appears in its greatest simplicity.” Feedback from readers is not only valued as a tool to hold me to this standard but also a necessary component to making &lt;i&gt;The Chem Constant&lt;/i&gt; Chemistry Blog a success. To honor the mantra that has been repeated to me by so many of my professors, science is a team sport and to succeed you have to be a team player. In this, all are welcome to contribute and join the conversation. 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